如何起草涉外合同：用語方面

二、多用主動語態，少用被動語態： Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （不宜）乙方被甲方委托為在新加坡的獨家銷售代理商； Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. （適宜）甲方委托乙方為在新加坡的獨家銷售代理商；三、多用現在時，少用將來時，盡管很多條款規定的是合同簽訂以後的事項： Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events：當有下列事件之壹發生，被許可人提前90天向許可人發送書面通知後，可以終止合同： 1. Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed；許可人無力償付債務或其破產清算人以被指定； 2. The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract； and 第二條規定的專利未在簽約後30天之內發布； 3. Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract. 許可人未能履行其合同義務。四、直接表達方式用得多，間接表達方式用的較少： This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. （用得少）本條款不適用於尚未全部償付的債券持有者。 This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. （用得多）本條款只適用於已全部償付的債券持有者。五、盡量使用壹個動詞，避免使用“動詞+名詞+介詞”的同意短語： Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract. 甲方應於簽約後30天內指派其授權代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of. Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency. 甲方願意考慮乙方獨家代理的建議。宜用consider代替give consideration to. 六、下列特殊用語使用頻繁： 1. WHEREAS 鑒於正式而重要的合同，尤其是英美法系的合同，多用它在前文中引出簽約背景和目的，起連詞作用： WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad， Iraq；鑒於雇主欲請勞動力建造伊拉克巴格達的高層住宅綜合大樓； WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works；鑒於承包人想為此工程提供勞動力； 2. WITNESS 證明在合同前文中常用作首句的謂語動詞： This Agreement， made by …… WITNESSES WHEREAS……， it is agreed as follows：本協議由……簽訂證明：鑒於……特此達成協議如下： 3. IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作為所協議事項的證據：該短語常用於合同的結尾條款： IN WITNESS WHEREOF， the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written. 作為所協議事項的證據，雙方授權代表於上面首次寫明的日期正式簽訂本協議壹式兩份。 4. IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……為約因/報酬約因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之壹，沒有則合同不能依法強制履行。但是，大陸法系的合同則無此規定。 PRESENTS = the present writings 是主語，WITNESS是謂語： NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows：茲特立約為據，並由訂約雙方協議如下： 7. IN THE PRESENCE OF 見證人本短語只在有見證人時使用—在訂約雙方當事人簽名的下方由見證人簽名作證，壹般是相關的律師（Attorney）或公證處（Notary Public）： IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals：作為協議事項的證據，訂約雙方各自簽名蓋章如下： For and on behalf the first Party（甲方代表）： The EMPLOYER （雇主）… Capacity （職位） … In the Presence of （見證人） … Capacity （職位）… Address （地址）… For and on behalf of the Second party（乙方代表）： The CONTRACTOR （承包人） … Capacity （職位）… In the Presence of （見證人） … Capacity （職位）… Address （地址）…